Description

LL-37 ZPHC – 25mg KIT (5×5 mg)

Product Overview

The LL-37 ZPHC 25mg KIT provides research-grade human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (LL-37), the sole member of the cathelicidin family within the human proteome. This host-defense peptide exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and plays a critical role in innate immune system modulation . Each kit contains five sterile, lyophilized 5 mg vials, offering 25 mg total peptide mass for controlled research applications.

LL-37 is a cationic, amphipathic peptide consisting of 37 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 4493 Da. It is derived from the hCAP18 precursor protein through proteolytic cleavage and demonstrates activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, enveloped viruses, and fungi . Beyond direct antimicrobial effects, LL-37 modulates immune responses through chemotaxis, endotoxin neutralization, and regulation of inflammatory pathways .

Product Specifications

Key Research Applications

LL-37 is extensively studied for its multifaceted biological activities:

Antimicrobial Research
LL-37 demonstrates direct bactericidal effects through permeabilization of bacterial cell walls and exhibits activity against antibiotic-resistant strains. It disrupts bacterial biofilms at concentrations significantly lower than those required for bacterial killing . The peptide shows efficacy against both Gram-positive pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative organisms including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .

Immunomodulatory Studies
The peptide modulates innate immunity through multiple mechanisms, including binding and inactivation of bacterial endotoxins (LPS and LTA), promotion of immune cell chemotaxis, and regulation of cytokine production. LL-37 exhibits both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects that are context-dependent and concentration-sensitive .

Antiviral Research
LL-37 has demonstrated activity against enveloped viruses including Influenza A and SARS-CoV-2. The peptide can directly disrupt viral envelopes and block viral attachment to host cell receptors .

Wound Healing and Tissue Repair
Research indicates LL-37 promotes angiogenesis, enhances progenitor cell chemotaxis, and contributes to wound healing processes through its involvement in autophagy and cellular regeneration pathways .

Cancer Research
LL-37 exhibits context-dependent effects in cancer biology, demonstrating both anti-proliferative and pro-tumorigenic activities depending on cancer type and microenvironment. Studies have investigated its potential in melanoma, colon cancer, gastric cancer, and other malignancies .

Quality Assurance

Each vial undergoes rigorous quality control testing to ensure research reliability:

• HPLC purity verification ≥99%

• Mass spectrometry identity confirmation

• Sterility testing

• Endotoxin testing (<0.25 EU/mg)

• Microbial limit testing according to USP standards

The holographic scratch-code verification system provides authenticity confirmation for each kit.

Reconstitution and Handling

The lyophilized peptide should be reconstituted using the provided sterile matched diluent. Careful handling procedures should be followed to maintain peptide integrity and activity. Refer to the product insert for detailed reconstitution protocols and recommended storage conditions.

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Top 10 Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is LL-37 and what is its biological function?

LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, consisting of 37 amino acids derived from the hCAP18 precursor protein. It serves as a critical component of the innate immune system, exhibiting direct antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi, while also modulating immune responses through chemotaxis, endotoxin neutralization, and regulation of inflammatory pathways .

2. What purity level does this LL-37 kit provide?

This product is manufactured to achieve ≥99% purity as verified by HPLC analysis. Each batch undergoes comprehensive quality control testing including mass spectrometry identity confirmation, ensuring research-grade quality and reproducibility .

3. How is the LL-37 ZPHC kit packaged?

The kit contains five individual 5 mg vials of lyophilized LL-37, providing a total of 25 mg peptide. Each vial is nitrogen-filled borosilicate glass and includes sterile matched diluent for controlled reconstitution. The packaging enables precise dosing and reduces waste by allowing researchers to reconstitute only the quantity needed .

4. What are the primary research applications for LL-37?

LL-37 is studied in antimicrobial research against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, immunomodulation studies, antiviral research, wound healing and tissue repair investigations, and cancer biology. Its broad-spectrum activity and immune-modulating properties make it valuable across multiple research disciplines .

5. Is this product suitable for human or clinical use?

This LL-37 kit is intended for research purposes only. It is not approved for human therapeutic use, clinical applications, or diagnostic procedures. All research involving LL-37 should be conducted in accordance with applicable institutional and regulatory guidelines .

6. How should the lyophilized peptide be handled and stored?

Lyophilized LL-37 should be stored according to the specifications provided in the product insert. Upon reconstitution, proper handling procedures must be followed to maintain peptide integrity. The nitrogen-filled vials and sterile diluent are designed to support stability and reproducibility in research applications.

7. What quality control measures are in place?

Manufacturing is conducted under ISO/GMP-certified conditions. Each batch undergoes HPLC purity analysis (≥99%), mass spectrometry identity confirmation, sterility testing, endotoxin testing, and microbial limit testing. The holographic scratch-code system enables authenticity verification .

8. What is the molecular weight and structure of LL-37?

LL-37 has a molecular weight of approximately 4493 Da. It is a cationic, amphipathic peptide forming an α-helical structure, which enables its interaction with negatively charged microbial membranes. Its structure consists of 37 amino acids with a disordered C-terminal tail .

9. What is known about LL-37 cytotoxicity in research contexts?

Studies indicate LL-37 can exhibit cytotoxicity at concentrations of 1-10 µM in various human cell types, with preferential effects on infected or weakened cells. Research demonstrates both pro-apoptotic and immunomodulatory effects that are concentration-dependent and context-specific. These characteristics are relevant considerations for experimental design .

10. How does LL-37 compare to conventional antimicrobial agents?

LL-37 operates through mechanisms distinct from conventional antibiotics, including membrane disruption, biofilm inhibition, and immunomodulation. This multi-modal activity may offer advantages in research contexts involving antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The peptide demonstrates rapid antimicrobial action and potential activity against multidrug-resistant organisms .

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References

1. Svensson, D., & Nilsson, B.O. (2025). Human antimicrobial/host defense peptide LL-37 may prevent the spread of a local infection through multiple mechanisms: an update. Inflammation Research, 74, 36. Available at: Springer 

2. Kumar, R., et al. (2024). LL-37, the master antimicrobial peptide, its multifaceted role from combating infections to cancer immunity. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. Available at: ScienceDirect 

3. Liu, Q., et al. (2026). LL-37: Biological Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Applications in Intestinal Disease. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease, 14(5), e70451. Available at: Wiley Online Library 

4. Svensson, D., & Nilsson, B.O. (2025). Human antimicrobial/host defense peptide LL-37 may prevent the spread of a local infection through multiple mechanisms: an update. PubMed. Available at: PubMed 

5. Bhattacharjya, S., Zhang, Z., & Ramamoorthy, A. (2024). LL-37: Structures, Antimicrobial Activity, and Influence on Amyloid-Related Diseases. Biomolecules, 14(3), 320. Available at: OUCI 

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Call to Action

The LL-37 ZPHC – 25mg KIT (5×5 mg) is available for immediate order. Research-grade peptide with ISO/GMP manufacturing, ≥99% HPLC purity, and full quality documentation. Each kit includes five 5 mg vials with sterile matched diluent and holographic authenticity verification.

Secure your research supply today at: https://anabolicsteroidsonline.shop/